Citations and Works Cited examples
For the documents in the history binder/website:
Citations (when the article in the binder contains multiple excerpts and authors):
"quotation quotation quotation" ("Divine Right Theory in England" 2).
Citations (when the quote is from an article/excerpt with just one author)
"quotation quotation quotation" (Luther 4).
Works Cited examples:
"Divine Right Theory in England." Pioneer Humanities. Pioneer High School Humanities
Department. pioneerhumanities.weebly.com/2nd-semester-history-binder-readings.html.
Accessed 2 March 2017.
Luther, Martin. "Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation." Pioneer Humanities.
Pioneer High School Humanities Department. pioneerhumanities.weebly.com/2nd-
semester-history-binder-readings.html. Accessed 2 March 2017.
For the documents in the history binder/website:
Citations (when the article in the binder contains multiple excerpts and authors):
"quotation quotation quotation" ("Divine Right Theory in England" 2).
Citations (when the quote is from an article/excerpt with just one author)
"quotation quotation quotation" (Luther 4).
Works Cited examples:
"Divine Right Theory in England." Pioneer Humanities. Pioneer High School Humanities
Department. pioneerhumanities.weebly.com/2nd-semester-history-binder-readings.html.
Accessed 2 March 2017.
Luther, Martin. "Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation." Pioneer Humanities.
Pioneer High School Humanities Department. pioneerhumanities.weebly.com/2nd-
semester-history-binder-readings.html. Accessed 2 March 2017.
For the documents in The Western Tradition:
Sample Citations and Corresponding “Works Cited” Entries:
For in-text citations of historical documents, cite the name of the author of the actual work—not the name of the editor (A). If you use some of the introductory information actually written by the editor, do use the editor’s name (B). If no author is given, use the title of the document (C).
(A) . . . making a profit was considered lawful but sinful (Aquinas 323 - 327).
(B) . . . “he [Charlemagne] was a man of his time, yet he was isolated in it” (Weber 220).
(C) . . . the vassals gained in the process (“Capitulary Concerning Freemen and Vassals” 237).
Works Cited Entries:
(A) author whose name is known
Aquinas, Thomas. “Summa Theologica.” The Western Tradition, Volume 1: From the Ancient
World to Louis XIV. Ed. Eugen Weber. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath and Company, 1995.
323-327. Print.
(B) editorial comments of the editor of an anthology such as The Western Tradition
Weber, Eugen, editor. The Western Tradition, Volume 1: From the Ancient World to
Louis XIV. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath and Company, 1995. 323-327. Print.
(C) document with no known author
“Capitulary Concerning Freemen and Vassals.” The Western Tradition, Volume 1: From the Ancient
World to Louis XIV. Ed. Eugen Weber. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath and Company, 1995.
237. Print.
Cross-referencing: If you use multiple works from The Western Tradition, MLA allows you to make one complete entry in your Works Cited page for The Western Tradition. Then, for each separate work contained within The Western Tradition, you would create a short entry without all of the bibliographic information. Arrange them in alphabetical order by author and editor’s last name. Works without a known author should be arranged by first letter of the title. See below:
Aquinas, Thomas. “On Women.” Weber 274.
“Capitulary Concerning Freemen and Vassals.” Weber 235.
Weber, Eugen, ed. The Western Tradition, Volume 1: From the Ancient World to Louis XIV.
Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath and Company, 1995. Print.
Sample Citations and Corresponding “Works Cited” Entries:
For in-text citations of historical documents, cite the name of the author of the actual work—not the name of the editor (A). If you use some of the introductory information actually written by the editor, do use the editor’s name (B). If no author is given, use the title of the document (C).
(A) . . . making a profit was considered lawful but sinful (Aquinas 323 - 327).
(B) . . . “he [Charlemagne] was a man of his time, yet he was isolated in it” (Weber 220).
(C) . . . the vassals gained in the process (“Capitulary Concerning Freemen and Vassals” 237).
Works Cited Entries:
(A) author whose name is known
Aquinas, Thomas. “Summa Theologica.” The Western Tradition, Volume 1: From the Ancient
World to Louis XIV. Ed. Eugen Weber. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath and Company, 1995.
323-327. Print.
(B) editorial comments of the editor of an anthology such as The Western Tradition
Weber, Eugen, editor. The Western Tradition, Volume 1: From the Ancient World to
Louis XIV. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath and Company, 1995. 323-327. Print.
(C) document with no known author
“Capitulary Concerning Freemen and Vassals.” The Western Tradition, Volume 1: From the Ancient
World to Louis XIV. Ed. Eugen Weber. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath and Company, 1995.
237. Print.
Cross-referencing: If you use multiple works from The Western Tradition, MLA allows you to make one complete entry in your Works Cited page for The Western Tradition. Then, for each separate work contained within The Western Tradition, you would create a short entry without all of the bibliographic information. Arrange them in alphabetical order by author and editor’s last name. Works without a known author should be arranged by first letter of the title. See below:
Aquinas, Thomas. “On Women.” Weber 274.
“Capitulary Concerning Freemen and Vassals.” Weber 235.
Weber, Eugen, ed. The Western Tradition, Volume 1: From the Ancient World to Louis XIV.
Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath and Company, 1995. Print.
Punctuation adjacent to quotation marks
Basically, punctuation marks go inside the quotation marks if you are American and outside if you are British. See this website for American examples.
Using Ellipses
from The Punctuation Guide [http://www.thepunctuationguide.com/ellipses.html]
Ellipses: An ellipsis is a set of three periods ( . . . ) indicating an omission. Each period should have a single space on either side, except when adjacent to a quotation mark, in which case there should be no space.
In quoted material: Ellipses are most useful when working with quoted material. There are various methods of deploying ellipses; the one described here is acceptable for most professional and scholarly work.
The following examples are based on a paragraph from Henry David Thoreau’s Walden:
I learned this, at least, by my experiment: that if one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to live the life which he has imagined, he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours. He will put some things behind, will pass an invisible boundary; new, universal, and more liberal laws will begin to establish themselves around and within him; or the old laws be expanded, and interpreted in his favor in a more liberal sense, and he will live with the license of a higher order of beings. In proportion as he simplifies his life, the laws of the universe will appear less complex, and solitude will not be solitude, nor poverty poverty, nor weakness weakness. If you have built castles in the air, your work need not be lost; that is where they should be. Now put the foundations under them.
Ellipses at the beginning of a quotation: It is rarely necessary to use ellipsis points at the beginning of a quotation, even if the quotation begins mid-sentence. It is also usually acceptable to change the capitalization of the first word of the quotation to match the surrounding material. (When a change in capitalization must be acknowledged, you should use brackets. . .)
“If one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams,” writes Thoreau, “he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours.” Moreover, Thoreau claims that “in proportion as he simplifies his life, the laws of the universe will appear less complex.”
Quotations placed in the middle of a sentence: When a quotation is included within a larger sentence, do not use ellipsis points at the beginning or end of the quoted material, even if the beginning or end of the original sentence has been omitted.
Correct: When Thoreau argues that by simplifying one’s life, “the laws of the universe will appear less complex,” he introduces an idea explored at length in his subsequent writings.
Incorrect: When Thoreau argues that by simplifying one’s life, “. . . the laws of the universe will appear less complex, . . .” he introduces an idea explored at length in his subsequent writings.
Quotations placed at the end of a sentence: When a quotation is placed at the end of a sentence, but the quoted material is only part of a larger sentence, authorities differ on the use of ellipsis points. The Chicago Manual of Style allows the use of a sentence-terminating period; the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers requires ellipsis points.
Chicago style:
Thoreau argues that by simplifying one’s life, “the laws of the universe will appear less complex.”
Could anyone other than Thoreau have written, “If you have built castles in the air, your work need not be lost”?
MLA style:
MLA style places the sentence-terminating period immediately after the last word of the quotation, even though a period does not occur there in the original material. The three ellipsis points are then placed after this sentence-terminating period.
Thoreau argues that by simplifying one’s life, “the laws of the universe will appear less complex. . . .”
Could anyone other than Thoreau have written, “If you have built castles in the air, your work need not be lost . . .”?
When using MLA-style parenthetical references, the sentence-terminating period is placed outside the parenthetical reference.
Thoreau argues that by simplifying one’s life, “the laws of the universe will appear less complex . . .” (152).
Ellipses for omitted material within a single quoted sentence: Use ellipsis points to show omission within the quotation. Omit any punctuation on either side of the ellipsis, unless the punctuation is necessary to make the shortened quotation grammatically correct.
“I learned this . . . : that if one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, . . . he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours.”
In the example above, the colon in the original is needed to introduce the thing that Thoreau learned. The comma after “dreams” is necessary to separate a dependent clause from an independent clause.
Ellipses: An ellipsis is a set of three periods ( . . . ) indicating an omission. Each period should have a single space on either side, except when adjacent to a quotation mark, in which case there should be no space.
In quoted material: Ellipses are most useful when working with quoted material. There are various methods of deploying ellipses; the one described here is acceptable for most professional and scholarly work.
The following examples are based on a paragraph from Henry David Thoreau’s Walden:
I learned this, at least, by my experiment: that if one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to live the life which he has imagined, he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours. He will put some things behind, will pass an invisible boundary; new, universal, and more liberal laws will begin to establish themselves around and within him; or the old laws be expanded, and interpreted in his favor in a more liberal sense, and he will live with the license of a higher order of beings. In proportion as he simplifies his life, the laws of the universe will appear less complex, and solitude will not be solitude, nor poverty poverty, nor weakness weakness. If you have built castles in the air, your work need not be lost; that is where they should be. Now put the foundations under them.
Ellipses at the beginning of a quotation: It is rarely necessary to use ellipsis points at the beginning of a quotation, even if the quotation begins mid-sentence. It is also usually acceptable to change the capitalization of the first word of the quotation to match the surrounding material. (When a change in capitalization must be acknowledged, you should use brackets. . .)
“If one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams,” writes Thoreau, “he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours.” Moreover, Thoreau claims that “in proportion as he simplifies his life, the laws of the universe will appear less complex.”
Quotations placed in the middle of a sentence: When a quotation is included within a larger sentence, do not use ellipsis points at the beginning or end of the quoted material, even if the beginning or end of the original sentence has been omitted.
Correct: When Thoreau argues that by simplifying one’s life, “the laws of the universe will appear less complex,” he introduces an idea explored at length in his subsequent writings.
Incorrect: When Thoreau argues that by simplifying one’s life, “. . . the laws of the universe will appear less complex, . . .” he introduces an idea explored at length in his subsequent writings.
Quotations placed at the end of a sentence: When a quotation is placed at the end of a sentence, but the quoted material is only part of a larger sentence, authorities differ on the use of ellipsis points. The Chicago Manual of Style allows the use of a sentence-terminating period; the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers requires ellipsis points.
Chicago style:
Thoreau argues that by simplifying one’s life, “the laws of the universe will appear less complex.”
Could anyone other than Thoreau have written, “If you have built castles in the air, your work need not be lost”?
MLA style:
MLA style places the sentence-terminating period immediately after the last word of the quotation, even though a period does not occur there in the original material. The three ellipsis points are then placed after this sentence-terminating period.
Thoreau argues that by simplifying one’s life, “the laws of the universe will appear less complex. . . .”
Could anyone other than Thoreau have written, “If you have built castles in the air, your work need not be lost . . .”?
When using MLA-style parenthetical references, the sentence-terminating period is placed outside the parenthetical reference.
Thoreau argues that by simplifying one’s life, “the laws of the universe will appear less complex . . .” (152).
Ellipses for omitted material within a single quoted sentence: Use ellipsis points to show omission within the quotation. Omit any punctuation on either side of the ellipsis, unless the punctuation is necessary to make the shortened quotation grammatically correct.
“I learned this . . . : that if one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, . . . he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours.”
In the example above, the colon in the original is needed to introduce the thing that Thoreau learned. The comma after “dreams” is necessary to separate a dependent clause from an independent clause.